![]() The highest performing is gas-phase photocatalysis are those exhibiting high porosity, a property which has been shown to enhance properties of CO 2 adsorption and activation, increased charge separation and charge transfer, increased gas diffusion, and reaction rate 12. Inorganic semiconductors are currently at the forefront of performance in carbon dioxide photocatalysis 8, 9, 10, 11. Using CO 2 and H 2 together to form fuels is already a commercial process, but more sustainable ways of using these reactions are gaining momentum 7. ![]() This work focuses primarily on the formation of carbon monoxide, which is the main intermediate for most pathways to solar fuels, as well as being essential in the production of hydrocarbons and syngas (CO:H 2) which can be used in the hydroformylation of alkenes and as turbine fuel 6. ![]() This also gives the opportunity to shift the reaction equilibrium towards products in this normally exothermic reaction. Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide offers the opportunity to carry out these reactions at room temperature and minor overpressure. These currently require high temperatures and pressures 5. Currently, carbon dioxide is widely used in methane synthesis in the Sabatier process 4 and in reverse water-gas shift to produce carbon monoxide, which is often further converted into other hydrocarbons such as methanol in the Fischer-Tropsch process. Photocatalysis provides reaction pathways to drive thermodynamically unfavourable reactions by using light 2, 3. Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into solar fuels is a promising strategy to decrease dependency on fossil fuels, and a promising way to utilise captured carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel burning power plants 1. ![]()
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